Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael) header
Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael) profile picture

Senior Fellow, Carnegie Endowment. Defense analysis with a focus on the Russian and Ukrainian militaries.

Washington, D.C. area
Joined May 2020
Photo by Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael)Photo by Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael)Photo by Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael)Photo by Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael)Photo by Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael)Photo by Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael)Photo by Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael)Photo by Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael)Photo by Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael)Photo by Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael)
Include

Only show posts containing:

Exclude

Hide posts containing:

Time range
-
Minimum likes
Michael Kofman retweeted
Conversation with Lex Fridman on the status of the war in Ukraine is now live! Post below has links to the episode on YouTube and Spotify as well.
Here's my conversation all about the state of the war in Ukraine with Preston Stewart (@prestonstew_) and Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael). It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:00 - State of the war in Ukraine 14:39 - Drone warfare and the kill zone 51:49 - Who is winning the war? 1:03:26 - Military analysis of Russia's 2022 invasion 1:19:14 - Battle of Bakhmut 1:34:56 - War optimism and bad information 1:55:05 - Prigozhin's mutiny 2:09:20 - Putin vs Zelenskyy 2:27:18 - Trump 2:36:13 - Paths to peace in Ukraine 2:46:53 - Nature of war
38
25
4
478
27,195
I think 620k is the likelier number.
I now have the data to reevaluate my previous estimates, so why not? Until 2024, Mediazona and the leaked Russian death register match almost month by month. From 2025, Mediazona starts falling behind. By late 2025, it has recorded only about a third of the deaths already in the register. By the end of 2025, the leaked register itself also starts falling behind, as the confirmation lag catches up with it. The names aren't necessarily missing. They're just slow to appear. So I revised my GSUA ratios to fit the register: from 1:4.5 in 2022–23 down to 1:2 since February 2025. On the chart, the black line is GSUA adjusted by those ratios, and the dashed line is the register. They track each other closely until the register's recent months start filling in. At these ratios, Mediazona's list should eventually reach around 607,000 names. There is still room for refinement. Early Mediazona figures exceed the projected values, while SBS statistics suggest the KIA ratio may fall further in 2026. So I expect the final estimate to land somewhere between 580,000 and 620,000 dead. Even if the leaked dataset is fake, it's still useful to know what the other side estimates. You are free to disagree with those numbers, but they're worth examining.
17
83
10
756
65,758
Michael Kofman retweeted
I compared the leaked Russian death register with UALosses, battle by battle. The Russian register records where each soldier died, so both sides can be placed on the same map. Russia lost more soldiers than Ukraine in every battle but one.* Pokrovsk: 4.7 Russian dead for every Ukrainian loss. Siversk 3.9, Avdiivka 3.4, Kostiantynivka 3.0, Toretsk 2.6. The closest ratios came from offensives Ukraine launched: Robotyne 0.9, Velyka Novosilka 1.2, Kursk and Sumy 1.3. Robotyne, the 2023 counteroffensive, is the only battle where the Ukrainian count exceeds the Russian one. And these aren't even equal measures. The Russian register counts confirmed deaths only. UALosses includes killed, missing and captured. The actual gap may be wider. Both datasets are cut off at December 2025, because Russian deaths can take months to appear in the register. That's why Pokrovsk shows 15.8k here, rather than the 21.5k in my earlier post. Kursk includes the fighting in Sumy oblast. *Most Russian deaths recorded in 2023 have no location of death, making the Robotyne comparison particularly incomplete.
Replying to @M0nstas
Major battles, counted over the whole battle zone (every settlement within the radius, during the battle), KIA / MIA / POW: Pokrovsk–Myrnohrad: 21.5k (KIA 4.1k, MIA 16.9k, POW 0.5k) Bakhmut: 11.4k (KIA 6.3k, MIA 4.7k, POW 0.5k) Kursk operation: 9.9k (KIA 3.7k, MIA 5.8k, POW 0.5k) Kostiantynivka: 6.3k (KIA 1.4k, MIA 4.8k, POW 0.1k) Toretsk: 5.2k (KIA 1.9k, MIA 3.1k, POW 0.1k) Vovchansk: 3.4k (KIA 1.0k, MIA 2.3k, POW 0.1k) Robotyne: 3.1k (KIA 2.2k, MIA 0.7k, POW 0.1k) Krynky bridgehead: 1.2k (KIA 0.4k, MIA 0.7k, POW 0.1k) Together 62.0k records, 29% of all records with a place of loss.
94
277
22
1,529
117,044
Michael Kofman retweeted
"Aircrews found the airspace and timing were often too tight for APKWS employment in the Strait of Hormuz and Persian Gulf, so they have ended up relying on AIM-9s. But defensive counterair for base defense has featured APKWS." airandspaceforces.com/articl…
21
91
19
677
368,576
Michael Kofman retweeted
A group of hackers published classified data on Russian soldiers killed in the war, from Russia's statistics agency Rosstat. In late August, the total was 450,100 (around 100k per year). It is in line with other independent estimates. There is also a regional breakdown.
418
2,063
340
9,072
1,704,720
Michael Kofman retweeted
🇺🇦 You can now watch my interview with NAFO’s 69th Sniffing Brigade, who are doing fantastic work raising funds for essential equipment, including vehicles, for Ukraine’s defenders and Azov's 52nd International Assault Regiment “Forge”. Foreign and Ukrainian soldiers serve side by side in this new unit, and reliable NAFO Truck 4.0 will help keep them moving. 👇 help99.co/patches/fuel-the-f… As a former British Army soldier and Ukrainian Marine, married to a Ukrainian and having lived here for years before Russia’s full-scale invasion, this war is deeply personal to me. Ukraine is my home, and these are my people. I hope you enjoy the interview, and please watch, like, repost and support the 69th Sniffing Brigade and Azov if you can. Every donation, every share and every bit of support helps keep our defenders equipped and in the fight. Slava Ukraini! 🇺🇦💪 youtu.be/kyU__SViLZE?is=lMf9…
2
72
3
182
35,861
Michael Kofman retweeted
The Russians are heading towards 60+K irrecoverable casualties in November, if this continues...
«Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent.» Isaac Asimov The combat losses of the enemy from February 24, 2022 to November 7, 2026.
22
49
4
667
33,428
Replying to @Rebel44CZ
Yeah 1.6M is a fair estimate with over 600k KIA and 1M seriously wounded.
25
1,022
Replying to @Rebel44CZ
It’s probably 1/3 of total, but I wonder is if there’s overlap between them and the rest of the UAS units in casualty claims.
1
14
1,293
Replying to @Rebel44CZ
I think USF is closer to 40% of drone inflicted casualties.
1
81
8,082
Michael Kofman retweeted
Kyiv no longer produces its own power. It can't. Most of it now travels about 200 miles from nuclear plants... and Russia is hitting the wires in between. #Kyiv @scrippsnews
32
215
13
654
83,836
The latest Russia Contingency is out. I’m joined by @JackieGSchneid for a great conversation on wargaming, one of the most widely used, and sometimes abused, tools in defense analysis. @WarOnTheRocks warontherocks.com/episode/th…
3
13
87
16,856
Interesting report
🇮🇷🇷🇺 Despite Washington's recent assertions that Moscow is not backing Tehran, confidential Russian defence records tell a different story. Dallas Analytics publishes primary industrial documents proving conclusively what the export code "K-10" designates: Iran. 🕵️ State plants built specialised missile-launch hardware – arming the forces now strangling global energy transit in the Strait of Hormuz – alongside a wider pipeline spanning Yak-130 trainers and helicopter upgrades. Read our investigation and examine the original schedules: dallas-analytics.com/russia-…
4
77
1
486
36,655
Michael Kofman retweeted
There was no “Ukrainian torture center” - this was a fiction created by a fake medic who arrived driving a fake ambulance and who is linked to a well known Russian influence operation - and amplified by useful idiots and overt Russian assets… like yourself.
Der Ukraine-Krieg wird in Deutschland im wesentlichen moralisch gerechtfertigt. Die Enthüllungen zu dem ukrainischen Folter-Zentrum erschüttern dieses moralische Narrativ massiv und sind daher politisch für die Kriegsbefürworter heikel. Daher wird man nun alles tun, um die Fakten zu unterdrücken.
92
556
34
3,100
60,546
Michael Kofman retweeted
Over the month of October, the Russian net gains in Ukraine were 21 km². The frontline stayed relatively stable after the culmination of Ukraine's operation Vivaldi. Ukraine has continued to advance in Western Donetsk, while Russia has focused on the Dobropillya axis. 1/
2
56
6
236
32,809
Michael Kofman retweeted
🎙️ In this episode of Military Podcast, we welcome @KofmanMichael, Senior Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and one of the leading Western defense analysts on military affairs: youtube.com/watch?v=3562WwaU… We dive deep into the critical paradoxes of the ongoing war: ▫️ why Russia’s massive recruitment drive has actually decreased its ability to conduct large-scale combined arms maneuver, ▫️ how Ukraine’s strategic pivot to drone warfare offsets manpower deficits, and the operational realities behind recent battlefield developments—including structural command reforms, deep strike campaigns, and the critical outlook for air defense interceptors heading into 2027.
2
17
56
19,142