Ring Traditionally Attributed to Joan of Arc, 15th century AD. The ring is very unusual for its type, and features inscriptions rather than images of saints on its faceted bezel. It bears the initials ‘I M’, representing ‘Jesus Maria’, and has traditionally been attributed to Joan of Arc, as its inscriptions and design correspond to a description she gave during her 1431 trial.
During her trial, Joan was questioned about a ring given to her by her parents. She testified that it bore the words “Jesus Maria” and, as she recalled, three crosses. When asked why she looked at it when going into battle, she replied that it was out of pleasure and in honour of her father and mother.
The ring’s association with Joan of Arc dates back more than a century, but its ownership has never been conclusively established. It sold at auction in London in February 2016 for £297,600, including the buyer’s premium.
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garter (one of a pair) 18th century, france. silk plain weave with silk tambour work and embroidery on silk ribbon.
The Codex Gigas, also known as the Devil’s Bible, is the world’s largest surviving medieval manuscript (13th century).






















