Lex Fridman

Here's the links for my conversation with Preston Stewart & Michael Kofman: YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=2hJkprFn… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

Here's my conversation all about the state of the war in Ukraine with Preston Stewart (@prestonstew_) and Michael Kofman (@KofmanMichael). It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:00 - State of the war in Ukraine 14:39 - Drone warfare and the kill zone 51:49 - Who is winning the war? 1:03:26 - Military analysis of Russia's 2022 invasion 1:19:14 - Battle of Bakhmut 1:34:56 - War optimism and bad information 1:55:05 - Prigozhin's mutiny 2:09:20 - Putin vs Zelenskyy 2:27:18 - Trump 2:36:13 - Paths to peace in Ukraine 2:46:53 - Nature of war

Here's the links to the conversation: YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=ZAzWPE9C… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

This is an incredible moment in this history of mathematics, computer science, physics & science with some of the hardest problems in human history being solved by AI over a period of weeks. Depending on your perspective, it's either a crisis, a triumph, or both. I don't think anyone knows for sure. We're all trying to make sense of it. I oscillate between fear/dread and optimism/excitement on a daily basis. The rate of progress is insane, including today's announcement from OpenAI of more problems solved. To help make sense of all of it, here's my conversation with three mathematicians about this moment. Each of them is an expert in the field of each of the biggest problems solved: Navier-Stokes, quasi-Riemann hypothesis, the unique games conjecture and complexity theory more generally. Ankur Moitra is a mathematician and theoretical computer scientist at MIT, visiting the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Steven Brunton (@eigensteve) is a mathematician and fluid dynamics expert at UW. Alex Kontorovich (@AlexKontorovich) is a mathematician at Rutgers specializing in number theory.

It's also on YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=FGCP2F_7…

I've been traveling the world a bit. One of the most incredible experiences was getting to visit Taiwan w/ @JensenHuang. It was wild 🤯.. huge crowds of engineers, insanely good street food at night markets, and of course a lot of good conversations across many days. I caught some of it on video, see below. Alright, that's it from me, love you all ❤️ Timestamps: 0:00 - Highlights 0:46 - Intro 3:25 - Computex: crowds, engineers, tech, future of AI 9:12 - Chat with Jensen: keynote prep & nerves 13:03 - Chat with Jensen: Taiwan's tech history 19:47 - Raohe night market 29:37 - Chat with Jensen: memories from childhood 33:44 - NVIDIA party 40:29 - Lunch: braised pig's feet 43:09 - Chat with Jensen: GPUs, AI, and competition 55:07 - Ningxia night market 1:10:14 - Taiwanese breakfast 1:29:54 - Outro

Here's the links for my conversation with Andrew Scull: YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=s7d2d8Fh… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

Here's my conversation with Andrew Scull, all about psychiatry, its long history from Freud/Jung to today, including asylums, icepick lobotomies, electroshock therapy, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and some horrific treatments that were considered mainstream where doctors injected patients with malaria, induced insulin comas, and pulled out their teeth, all in the name of curing madness. There are a lot of lessons to learn from history here. One of the most important for me is just how incredibly complex the human mind is, and how hard the task is of understanding & treating the nearly infinite ways it can stumble/faulter. Humans are amazing. In part, because our minds are such a damn complicated mess. It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:20 - Crisis in Psychiatry 30:58 - Categories of Mental Illness 38:17 - Asylums, Eugenics, and the Nazis 50:23 - The Ice Pick Lobotomy 56:36 - Malaria "Cure" for Syphilis 1:14:52 - Insulin Coma Therapy 1:22:44 - Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) 1:42:13 - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 1:59:45 - Freud and Psychoanalysis 2:29:40 - WWII and Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 2:50:14 - Antipsychotics 3:13:35 - Antidepressants 3:26:29 - Future of Psychiatry

Here's the links for my conversation with @DHH: YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=NYFGCESm… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

Here's my conversation with @DHH. He is back for round 2! It was an epic fun 5 hour conversation about the future of programming, AI, Linux, and human civilization. It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 1:27 - Introduction 2:56 - Programming with AI agents 18:14 - How software will change 27:30 - AI impact on open source 37:21 - Building Omarchy Linux distro 47:05 - Vibe coding vs agentic engineering 1:00:06 - The end of manual programming 1:10:24 - Advice for programmers 1:22:30 - Surviving Internet Hate 1:31:46 - Programming setup for AI Agents 1:44:11 - Obsessing about speed 2:07:06 - Voice prompting vs typing 2:21:05 - Best AI coding models 2:37:55 - Best AI coding harnesses 2:50:57 - AI video generation and filmmaking 3:10:28 - Fatherhood 3:38:35 - Linux will win the desktop 3:49:51 - PewDiePie 3:59:24 - Future of programming 4:22:17 - Politics and immigration 4:53:54 - Longevity, over-optimization, and fear of death 5:05:38 - Eternal recurrence and future of human civization

Here's the links for my conversation with Khabib Nurmagomedov (@TeamKhabib): YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=l6USUAIK… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

Here's the Russian language version:

Here's my conversation with Khabib Nurmagomedov (@TeamKhabib), one of the greatest fighters of all time. It was truly an honor to get to train with him, to have this deep conversation, and to get to know him over the past few months. We did this conversation entirely in Russian. It's translated and dubbed into English. Both language audio tracks and subtitles are available on YouTube. Here on X, I'm posting the English & Russian language versions as seperate videos. The translation & dubbing was a huge amount of work (which I deeply care about) with humans & AI collaborating. Thanks to the amazing team at @ElevenLabs for their help. Good luck to Islam Makhachev, Khabib & team this weekend at UFC 330! And as I've said in the video, I'm truly grateful for all of you, for your support all these years. I love you all ❤️ Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 1:35 - Why Dagestan produces so many great fighters 11:41 - History of Dagestan warrior culture 21:02 - Hard training in the mountains of Dagestan 24:53 - The trap of fame, money, and power 35:34 - The key to Khabib's dominance 46:47 - Discipline and hard work 59:15 - Street fights in Dagestan 1:12:56 - Khabib's top pressure 1:18:40 - Khabib vs Conor McGregor 1:31:25 - Khabib's toughest fight 1:39:12 - Greatest MMA fighters of all time 1:56:57 - Coaching 2:02:30 - Daniel Cormier 2:06:48 - Islam Makhachev 2:16:46 - Dana White 2:20:16 - Joe Rogan 2:22:31 - Ali Abdelaziz 2:25:08 - Football 2:32:23 - Messi vs Ronaldo 2:50:23 - Dubai 2:54:14 - God 3:01:57 - Advice for young people

Here's the links for my conversation with Gary Gallagher: YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=XyXBwO5j… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

Here's my conversation with Gary Gallagher, a leading historian of the American Civil War. We discuss the causes of the war, the economics and politics of slavery, military strategy, Lincoln, Grant, Lee, the Lost Cause, the Confederate Flag, and the history of extreme political division in our country from before the Civil War to today. It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 1:29 - Introduction 1:52 - What caused the Civil War? 11:49 - Slavery 39:23 - Lincoln 54:19 - Grant vs Lee 1:03:13 - Could the Civil War have been avoided? 1:12:39 - The bloodiest war in US history 1:29:47 - How the Confederate Army could've won 1:50:22 - Key battles of the Civil War 2:13:23 - Best and Worst Presidents 2:27:23 - Robert E. Lee 2:46:56 - The most important battle of the Civil War 2:57:07 - The final showdown of the Civil War - Grant vs Lee 3:19:26 - Lost Cause and Confederate Monuments 3:36:54 - Extreme political division in US

Here's the links for my conversation with Anthony Kaldellis: YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=pv1TUJSE… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast

Here's my conversation with Anthony Kaldellis about the deep history of the Roman Empire in the west and the east (the Byzantine Empire). This was a truly fascinating conversation with a lot of wisdom for the modern world and for the future of human civilization. The Roman state lasted over 2,200 years. If we want to understand human nature, the modern world, and how humanity can flourish, it is valuable to study history, especially the history of why societies survive and why they collapse. It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment). Timestamps: 0:00 - Episode highlight 1:24 - Introduction 1:51 - The Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire 5:49 - 2,200 Years of Roman History 26:12 - Power, violence, and civil war 47:27 - Edict of Caracalla 1:00:23 - Crisis of the Third Century 1:14:52 - Constantine and the new Roman Empire 1:26:53 - Christianity in the Roman Empire 1:52:21 - Fall of the Western Roman Empire 2:05:17 - Eunuchs, Taxes, and Power 2:30:24 - Emperor Justinian and wars of conquest 2:47:26 - The Arab conquests 3:07:01 - Why the Roman empire survived so long 3:33:08 - Lessons from history

I got to spend all day today with Jensen in Taiwan: talking with thousands of engineers and eating street food at a night market. Jensen is received as a rockstar in Taiwan, like it's Beatles in the 60's. It's mind-blowing and fun to watch. But most importantly, through all the interactions and all my conversations with him, he remained the same humble, kind, thoughtful, funny guy he always was, even as a kid who went to these same night markets many years ago. Btw, we tried a crazy amount of different street food. It's legit some of the most delicious food I've ever had. I can't wait to share video of it, including a ton of our conversations and hangout. When I can pause for a moment from all the travel to edit the video, I'll post it. Can't wait to continue talking to Jensen and engineers at Computex this week, and exploring more of Taiwan, and of course roaming the night markets for some more delicious street food. Days like these, even more than usual, I feel like the luckiest kid in the world. Love you all! ❤️

Here's the links for my conversation with Don Lincoln: YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=1M3Vdl6D… Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/2MAi0B… Podcast: lexfridman.com/podcast