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ALT A cartoon schematic depicts a hierarchy of density matrices at different vertical particle levels: 2DM, pDM, and NDM from lowest to highest, each represented by a blue disk of a different hue. 2DM is a light blue disk (2D) that contains a smaller, grayish, light blue disk, which in turn contains an even smaller, dark blue disk. pDM is a grayish, light blue disk (pD) that contains a smaller, dark blue disk. NDM is a dark blue disk (ND). Arrow lines funnel downward from the NDM and pDM disks to the inlaid dark blue and grayish, light blue disks, respectively, of 2DM. To the right is an ellipse shape with an outer, light blue layer labeled (2,2); a grayish, light blue middle layer labeled (2,p); and a dark blue inner layer labeled (2,N). A red star at the bottom of the inner layer is labeled “GS” for ground state.